Additive Manufacturing for Nano-Feature Applications: Electrohydrodynamic Printing as a Next-Generation Enabling Technology

Regardless of the technology, additive or subtractive, miniaturization trend is constantly pushing for smaller resolutions. The rise global challenges in material availability, fabrication three dimensions (3D), design flexibility and rapid prototyping have pushed manufacturing (AM) into spotlight. Addressing trend, AM has already successfully answered microscale 3D fabrication. However, fabricating nano-resolution still presents a challenge. In this review, we will present some most reported AM-based technologies capable nanoscale addressing resolutions ≤ 500 nm. focus placed on Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing (also known as e-jet printing), EHD seems to best trade-off when it comes technique complexity, achievable resolutions, diversity potential scale-up throughput. An overview smallest achieved well unique use cases demonstrated applications be addressed work.